A PCA-Based Approach for Very Early-Age Hydration Monitoring of Self-Compacting Concrete Using Embedded PZT Sensors
This paper investigates very early‑age hydration monitoring of self‑compacting concrete (SCC) containing fly ash replacement ratios (0%, 15%, 30%, 45%, 60%) using embedded piezoelectric (PZT) sensors and electromechanical impedance (EMI) signatures. The authors apply principal component analysis (PCA) to the EMI conductance signatures to extract indices that reflect the liquid to solid transition during hydration […]
Real-time monitoring of early-age compressive strength of concrete using an IoT-enabled monitoring system: an investigative study
This research develops an IoT‑enabled system by embedding temperature sensors within concrete for real‑time tracking of internal temperature‑time history, then using established maturity models (based on equivalent age and Arrhenius equation) to predict early‑age compressive strength. The sensor network uses long‑range wide‑area network (LoRa) communications and a cloud platform for data storage and visualization. The […]